Department of energy office of fossil energy national energy technology laboratory p. Fuel cell seminar report with ppt and pdf parts of fuel cells there are 4 main parts anode cathode catalyst proton exchange membrane types of. Fuelcell package application gas field natural gas chemical factory oil well lp gas. The main advantages are simple construction, thermal, chemical and electrochemical stability, and a low volatility of the. Farooque energy research corporation 3 great pasture road danbury, ct 06810 march 1 984 prepared for national aeronautics and space administration lewis research center under contract den3205 for u. Fuel cell seminar report with ppt and pdf study mafia. Minh, in science and engineering of hydrogenbased energy technologies, 2019. Set up of pafc these fuel cell use liquid phosphoric acid as electrolyte contained in a silicon carbide matrix placed between electrodes. Luczak 33 ptircr ptirfe usp 5,0,618, ternary alloy fuel cell catalysts and phosphoric acid fuel cell containing the catalysts, file date 5 sept 1989, issue date 7 may 1991. Due to the high temperatures at which mcfcs operate, these fuels are converted to hydrogen within the fuel cell itself by a process called internal reforming, which also reduces. Safcell solid acid fuel cells convert fuel into electricity. Some of these cells were disassembled and investigat. Such cells have an orthophosphoric acid electrolyte that allows operation up to about 200 c 400 f.
Stationary fuel cell power plants based upon phosphoric acid fuel cell pafc technology have been under development at united technologies corporation utc since the 1970s. Carbon corrosion in a phosphoric acid fuel cell was experimentally simulated by causing hydrogen starvation or by intentionally introducing defects e. Molten carbonate and phosphoric acid stationary fuel cells nrel. Parkes, in reference module in materials science and materials engineering, 2016.
Capable of running on a variety of fuels, including hydrogen, natural gas, and biogas, fuel cells can provide clean power for applications ranging from less than a watt to multiple megawatts. Phosphoric acid fuel cells pafc uses liquid form of phosphoric acid. Apr 22, 2012 given the importance of phosphatebased systems in emerging fuel cell technologies 21,22,23 and biology 24,25, it is surprising that proton conduction in phosphoric acid has received much less. Alternative sources of energy an introduction to fuel cells. Energies free fulltext hydrogen fuel cell technology. Pafc systems use primarily pt as catalyst both for hydrogen and oxygen electrodes.
The phosphoric acid fuel cell pafc is one of the few commercially available batteries. Phosphoric acid fuel cell an overview sciencedirect topics. This analysis includes fuel cell assemblies of various types, namely proton exchange membrane fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells and molten carbon fuel cells, having dimensions of power generation systems with generated power ranging from 5 kw up to 2. This edition introduces the basic principles of thermodynamics and electrochemical kinetics pertinent to the understanding of fuel. Fuel cells fuel cells are the most energy efficient devices for extracting power from fuels. Connecticut, provided information on the current costs of manufacturing their products and shared their. Two main categories of fuel cells fall in this cate gory. One of the important character of pafc is stability that makes it an important fuel cell type for stationary apps.
One advantage of pafc cells is that at 200 degrees c they tolerate a co concentration of about 1. Phosphoric acid fuel cells an overview sciencedirect. As the name suggests, pafcs use phosphoric acid as the electrolyte. Phosphoric acid fuel cell pafc phosphoric acid electrolyte. Reformer hydrogen air electricity sewage treatment plant digester gas biomass plant biogas byproduct gas hydrocarbon heat air with a low concentration of oxygen hydrogen 11. An overview of fuel cells currently under development. Energies free fulltext hydrogen fuel cell technology for. Cost model of phosphoric acid fuel cell powerplant includes two parts. The electrodes are made of carbon paper coated with a finely dispersed platinum catalyst bonded with teflon. Development of onsite phosphoric acid fuel cell units 23 maintenance. Given the importance of phosphatebased systems in emerging fuel cell technologies 21,22,23 and biology 24,25, it is surprising that proton conduction in phosphoric acid. Mass transport characteristics were determined using chronoamperometry to measure the dynamic response of electrodes. Due to the interaction of phosphoric acid with the platinum catalysts, the power density which is achieved by pafc is lower than in polymer electrolyte membrane.
Ohmic losses arising due to the resistive losses in the electrolyte and in the electrodes. Molten carbonate and phosphoric acid stationary fuel cells. They can use a hydrogen fuel contaminated with carbon dioxide and an oxidizer of air or oxygen. Positively charged hydrogen ions migrate through the electrolyte from the anode to the cathode. Phosphoric acid fuel cells pafcs consist of an anode and a cathode made of a finely dispersed platinum catalyst on carbon and a silicon carbide structure that holds the phosphoric acid electrolyte. Phosphoric acid fuel cells an overview sciencedirect topics. Phosphoric acid electrolyte fuel cells wiley online library. One of the major differences between the systems is that the pafc system has a separate reformer. Mass transport characteristics were determined using chronoamperometry to. Hundreds of these batteries have been installed around the world. Distributed generation suitable for chp increased tolerance to fuel impurities expensive catalysts long startup time sulfur sensitivity. Unlike alkaline, phosphoric acid, and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, mcfcs dont require an external reformer to convert more energydense fuels to hydrogen. He used the electricity produced from the gas chain to power an electrolyzer, splitting water into hydrogen and.
There is a pdf file available on the internet that provides stepbystep. Phosphoric acid fuel cells pafcs use an electrolyte composed by concentrated phosphoric acid h 3 po 4 dispersed in a silicon carbide matrix. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology by brian cook, heliocentris vancouver, canada whereas the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that the 21st century will be the century of the fuel cell. Fuel cells furnished power for the gemini and apollo spacecraft, and still provide electricity and. There is a pdf file available on the internet that provides stepby step.
Phosphoric acid fuel cells pafcs operate at 150220 c, using a 100% phosphoric acid electrolyte retained in a silicon carbide matrix. Jul 14, 2008 the book will then discuss the working principle of a fuel cell, its history, types of fuel cells, problems, applications, and its place and outlook in internationally. There are four primary types of fuel cells that are used for stationary combined heat and power chp applications. They were the first fuel cells to be commercialized. Abstractthis paper presents the dynamics of a phosphoric acid fuel cell pafc and its associated power electronics.
Solid oxide fuel cell make electricity from natural gas duration. Of the hydrogenoxygen fuel cell systems the most mature is the phosphoric acid fuel cell pafc. Box 880 morgantown, west virginia 265070880 november 2004. Phosphoric acid fuel cells for stationary applications. A phosphoric acid fuel cell cogeneration system retrofit to a large office building technical note david h. Phosphoric acid fuel cell pafc applications of interest here include all possibilities.
Development of onsite phosphoric acid fuel cell units. Phosphoric acid fuel cells pafc currently represent one of the fuel cell technologies that have been demonstrated in many countries around the world and for many applications. In 1842 grove connected a number of gas batteries together in series to form a gas chain. The effects of these losses are perhaps most pronounced at intermediate current densities 100 to 500 macm2. Generally, platinum electrocatalysts are used in both anode and cathode. The simulation is done using matlabsimulink and its power system blockset psb. Cells were life tested with synthetic steam reformate at about 150c. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology 3 dilute acid electrolyte platinum electrodes o2 h2 o2 h2 a of about one volt. The electrochemical reactions that take place in the cell are shown in the diagram to the right.
Utc has manufactured and installed more than 250 200kw pafc power plants worldwide. The heat produced can be used for space heating or other various purposes. Pafc were developed around time alkaline fuel cells were developed in the 1960s. The phosphoric acid fuel cell pafc was the first fuel cell technology to be commercialized. In addition, phosphoric acid is a poor ionic conductor at lower temperatures and co poisoning of the pt electrocatalyst in the anode becomes severe. The mechanism of proton conduction in phosphoric acid. Sep 23, 20 set up of pafc these fuel cell use liquid phosphoric acid as electrolyte contained in a silicon carbide matrix placed between electrodes. A study of the effect of electrode parameters on the mass transport characteristics of cathodes used for oxygen reduction in a phosphoric acid loaded polybenzimidazole membrane fuel cell is reported. Mar 31, 2018 the third edition of fuel cell systems explained is an updated version of a book that has always been essential reading for everyone entering into the fuel cell sector, be they student or industrial practitioner.
C operating temp 11 mw units have been tested sulphur free gasoline can be used as a fuel the electrolyte is very corrosive platinum catalyst is very expensive. Phosphoric acid fuel cells molten carbonate fuel cells. They are quite resistant to poisoning by carbon monoxide but tend to have lower efficiency than other fuel cell types in producing electricity. For vehicles and smaller devices, the electrolyte could be an alkaline solution or a solid polymer membrane. The electrodes are composed by dispersed platinum particles on a porous graphitic substrate 15. In both the electric utility and onsite integrated energy system applications, reducing cost and increasing reliability are the main technology drivers. Manual of phosphoric acid fuel cell power plant cost model. A phosphoric acid fuel cell cogeneration system retrofit to a. Wimer united states department of energy april 1997 u. This page contains fuel cell seminar and ppt with pdf report. Phosphoric acid fuel cells pafc operate at temperatures around 150 to 200 c about 300 to 400 degrees f. It operates at 150190c and pressure ranging from ambient.
The main advantages are simple construction, thermal, chemical and electrochemical stability, and a low volatility of the electrolyte i. The electrolyte substance, which usually defines the type of fuel cell, and can be made from a number of substances like potassium hydroxide, salt carbonates, and phosphoric acid. Wellwritten and concise, the third edition maintains that tradition. Department of energy office of fossil energy federal energy technology center p. Developed in the mid1960s and fieldtested since the 1970s, they have improved significantly in stability, performance, and cost. The fuel cells are designed for ease of use and many years of service.
Cost estimates are prepared for a given powerplant based on the equipment. Sumit thakur ece seminars fuel cell seminar and ppt with pdf report. Phosphoric acid fuel cells pafc are a type of fuel cell that uses liquid phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. Phosphoric acid fuel cell pafc applications of interest here include all. Serious interest in the fuel cell as a practical generator did not begin until the 1960s, when the u. Bilal abderezzak, in introduction to transfer phenomena in pem fuel cell, 2018. Outline of phosphoric acid fuel cell pafc package by. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel often hydrogen and an oxidizing agent often oxygen into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. Phosphoric acid fuel cells pafcs use liquid phosphoric acid as an electrolytethe acid is contained in a teflonbonded silicon carbide matrixand porous carbon electrodes containing a platinum catalyst.
Collecting the history of phosphoric acid fuel cells. A phosphoric acid fuel cell cogeneration system retrofit. New applications for phosphoric acid fuel cells ntrs nasa. Mass transport characteristics of cathodes in a phosphoric. For most fuel cell systems, the fuel is hydrogen, which can be extracted by several procedures. High temperature fuel cell phosphoric acid manufacturing. Think of a fuel cell like a battery in that it provides continuous dc electricity from a chemical reaction. Phosphoric acid fuel cells are around 85 percent efficient when they are used for the generation of heat and electricity. The storage and transfer of phosphoric acid is the same for all the acids and does not depend on the method of production. However, phosphoric acid fuel cells are less efficient when they are used to generate only electricity.
The phosphoric acid fuel cell uses a liquid phosphoric acid electrolyte in a silicone carbide matrix to carry hydrogen ions from the anode to the cathode. Dynamic modeling a of phosphoric acid fuel cell pafc and. Development of phosphoric acid fuel cell stack of a varying fuel gas flow rate. The scientific and technical sections are clear and logical, and lead the reader carefully through the complexities of fuel cell materials and operating conditions, from basic principles to specific. The number of units built exceeds any other fuel cell technology, with over 85 mw of demonstrators that have been tested, are being tested, or are being fabricated worldwide. Ever since its initial publication, fuel cell systems explained has been one of the most approachable books on the subject. An evaluation of air breathing phosphoric acid matrix fuel cell units was carried out.
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